Executable Scripts

All shells and most interpreters (i.e. Python, Tcl, gawk, R, etc.) can be used to create executable scripts. This is accomplished through the magic of the shell #! line, which is a special comment line. The line, which must be the first line of the script, specifies the path to the program that can interpret the main contents of the file, which are command lines the language understands. Once the script is written, set it executable with chmod. A few examples should serve to illustrate the general idea.

Executable Bash Script

A simple script to echo out Hello World and do a long ls listing.

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello World!"
ls -l

If the above is in a file named hello.sh, it can be made executable for the user (i.e. see man chmod for other possibilities) and run with:

$ chmod u+x hello.sh
$ ./hello.sh

Other Scripts

Here are some line usable with other scripting languages. In most cases, options allowed by the command used can be provided on the #! line. Note: that the paths should be verified and not use blindly. In particular command shells tend to reside in different directories.

gawk:  #!/bin/gawk
tcsh:  #!/usr/bin/tcsh
tcl:   #!/usr/local/bin/tcl

Portable Batch System: qsub

qsub

All HPC@LSU clusters use the Portable Batch System (PBS) for production processing. Jobs are submitted to PBS using the qsub command. A PBS job file is basically a shell script which also contains directives for PBS.

Usage

$ qsub job_script

Where job_script is the name of the file containing the script.

PBS Directives

PBS directives take the form:

#PBS -X value

Where X is one of many single letter options, and value is the desired setting. All PBS directives must appear before any active shell statement.

Example Job Script

 #!/bin/bash
 #
 # Use "workq" as the job queue, and specify the allocation code.
 #
 #PBS -q workq
 #PBS -A your_allocation_code
 # 
 # Assuming you want to run 16 processes, and each node supports 4 processes, 
 # you need to ask for a total of 4 nodes. The number of processes per node 
 # will vary from machine to machine, so double-check that your have the right 
 # values before submitting the job.
 #
 #PBS -l nodes=4:ppn=4
 # 
 # Set the maximum wall-clock time. In this case, 10 minutes.
 #
 #PBS -l walltime=00:10:00
 # 
 # Specify the name of a file which will receive all standard output,
 # and merge standard error with standard output.
 #
 #PBS -o /scratch/myName/parallel/output
 #PBS -j oe
 # 
 # Give the job a name so it can be easily tracked with qstat.
 #
 #PBS -N MyParJob
 #
 # That is it for PBS instructions. The rest of the file is a shell script.
 # 
 # PLEASE ADOPT THE EXECUTION SCHEME USED HERE IN YOUR OWN PBS SCRIPTS:
 #
 #   1. Copy the necessary files from your home directory to your scratch directory.
 #   2. Execute in your scratch directory.
 #   3. Copy any necessary files back to your home directory.

 # Let's mark the time things get started.

 date

 # Set some handy environment variables.

 export HOME_DIR=/home/$USER/parallel
 export WORK_DIR=/scratch/myName/parallel
 
 # Set a variable that will be used to tell MPI how many processes will be run.
 # This makes sure MPI gets the same information provided to PBS above.

 export NPROCS=`wc -l $PBS_NODEFILE |gawk '//{print $1}'`

 # Copy the files, jump to WORK_DIR, and execute! The program is named "hydro".

 cp $HOME_DIR/hydro $WORK_DIR
 cd $WORK_DIR
 mpirun -machinefile $PBS_NODEFILE -np $NPROCS $WORK_DIR/hydro

 # Mark the time processing ends.

 date
 
 # And we're out'a here!

 exit 0